Hardness of water experiment

How do I test my water for hardness? Which water sample is the hardest? What hardness level should I set my water softener? What is the unit of measurement for hardness? In this experiment you will measure calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in ppm.

The hardness of a water sample was successfully discovered by finding the calcium content in the sample.

The calcium content from the three trials performed were 210. Layers of Learning has hands-on experiments in every unit of this family-friendly curriculum. Scaling of hot water pipes, boilers and other house hold appliances is due to hard water.

Hard water requiring a considerable amount of soap to produce leather. Hardness of water is no specific constituent but is a variable and complex mixture of cations and anions. In fresh water , the principle hardness causing ions are calcium and magnesium. EXPERIMENT 1: HARDNESS OF WATER BY EDTA TITRATION INTRODUCTION Water ‘hardness’ is a measure of the amount of hard water cations in water. These hard water cations include calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and the other polyvalent metal ions.

In most water samples, calcium and magnesium are the chief contributors to water hardness.

Permanent hardness persists, as we can observe in the first part of our experiment: water saturated with calcium chloride CaCl leaves no precipitate upon boiling. Distillation is closely connected with boiling. During distillation, evaporated liquid is consequently condensed on a cooled surface an thus, is collected in form of drops. Lectures by Walter Lewin. Soap solution is used to measure the hardness of rain water , temporarily hard water and sea- water.

The effect of boiling the hard water samples is investigated. Water hardness is a value that reflects the amount of dissolved calcium, magnesium, and iron salts in water. There is temporary hardness (that can be removed) and permanent hardness. Temporary hardness is caused by calcium and magnesium bicarbonates (Ca(HCO ) and Mg(HCO ) ), and permanent harness – by their sulfates ((CaSO and MgSO ) and chlorides (CaCl and MgCl ). These are not signs of poor housekeeping, but are rather signs of hard water from the municipal water supply. These ions do not pose any health threat, but they can engage in reactions that leave insoluble mineral deposits.

These two ions also combine chemically with soap molecules, resulting in decreased cleansing action. An even bigger nuisance to most homeowners is the fact the hard water does not clean laundry or dishes as well as soft water , and it requires more soap or shampoo to create suds. In general, there are many applications where ability to easily determine water hardness is very important.

It is also not good for fish tanks. Both samples contained fairly high levels of hardness , a pH of and a TDS level of around 420. The purified bottled water had some differences. While it had the same low levels of iron, nitrates,.

In domestic settings, hard water is often indicated by a lack of foam formation when soap is agitated in water , and by the formation of limescale in kettles and water heaters.