Water desalination pdf

A desalination process essentially separates saline water into two parts - one that has a low concentration of salt (treated water or product water ), and the other with a much higher concentration than the original feed water , usually referred to as brine concentrate or simply as ‘concentrate’. About of the capacity exists in West Asia and the Middle East. North America has about and North Africa and Europe account for about each of capacity. Most desalination plants use sea water or brackish water as their sources. Saline water is classified as either brackish water or seawater depending on the salinity and water source.

Source water for desalination can be marine or brackish surface water or highly mineralized groundwater. Desalination produces two streams - freshwater and a more concentrated stream (brine). By definition, this water has a significant content of naturally occurring inorganic ions, and the objective of treatment is to reduce the concentration of, or remove, these substances. Childress Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Nevada, Reno 1st Arab-American Frontiers Symposium Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research and U. Likewise, Proposition set aside funds to both test and construct desalination facilities as a source of water supply. Technologies that were originally developed to desalinate water are widely applied.

TDS ƒFresh water for human consumption should not exceed 5ppm TDS. To do this economically in a desalination plant, the applied pressure of the water being. The efficiency of process in removing parasite eggs and protozoan cysts was. Aerated lagoon was capable of thermotolerant coliform removal from 88. The of this study indicate that aerated lagoon process can achieve good microbial removal in proper condition.

Tom is an independent desalination consultant with years’ experience in the water industry. He’s a member of the IDA board of directors, the MEDRC advisory council, the WHO desalination technology committee, the AWWA Desalting Committee, and a past member of the National Academy of Sciences desalination roadmap review committee. As the industry expands there is a pressing need to have a clear and well-written textbook that focuses on desalination fundamentals and other industrial aspects. Acknowledgement to Reviewers.

Congressional Research Service 1. A Primer on Desalination. Interest in using desalination technologies to treat seawater, brackish water ,wastewaters, and contaminated sources has increased globally and in the United States, as costs have fallen and pressure to develop drought-proof water supplies has grown. A desalination plant turns salt water (brackish or seawater) into fresh water (potable or distillate water ). Seawater desalination in California, for example, could consume nine times as much energy as surface water treatment and times as much energy as groundwater production.

Ocean desalination threatens fisheries and ma- rine environments. Water Supply : Pumping Station : Free PDF Download. Habits of Highly Successful Controls Engineers:. High Efficiency Motor Protection: Free.

In addition, its water recovery rate is relatively higher, as one tonne of desalinated water can be produced with an input of 2. Solar desalination systems are classifi ed into direct and indirect processes depending on the energy path to fresh water. Direct solar desalination systems combine solar energy collection and. There are eight small bottles surrounding the large collection jug. Each of the small bottles is filled with seawater. Membrane Distillation (MD) is a water desalination membrane process currently in limited commercial use.

MD is a hybrid process of RO and distillation in which a hydrophobic synthetic membrane is used to permit the flow of water vapor through the membrane pores, but not the solution itself.