Water treatment methods ppt

Poor water treatment lets water interact with the surfaces of pipes and vessels which contain it. It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants. Its objective is to produce an environmentally safe fluid waste stream and a solid waste suitable for disposal or reuse.

A MANUAL ON DRINKING WATER TREATMENT METHODS AT COMMUNITY AND HOUSEHOLD LEVEL Prepared by Centre for Envotech and Management consultancy Pvt. However, the water supply across the globe has to share space with other things such as organic materials, minerals, chemicals and manmade pollutants. But advanced wastewater treatment methods are mainly used to remove all nutrients, suspended solids, dissolved solids and toxic substances present in it.

The most common chemical disinfectant for water treatment , and the one that has historically made the greatest contribution to the prevention of waterborne disease worldwide, is chlorine. Chlorine for water treatment is generally obtained and used as either liquefied chlorine gas or as sodium hypochlorite solution. The end use may be drinking, industrial water supply , irrigation, river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses, including being safely returned to the environment.

What is water treatment process? These techniques and methods can be used at two different levels i. Community level techniques: The responsibility of providing safe drinking water to rural communities lies with government. Accordingly, water sources are provided in each village. Simple treatment methods include adding lime to soften the water , or adding alum as a coagulant, followed by settlement.

These processes fall into two broad divisions:-A) Unit operations: (UO) Removal of contaminants is achieved by physical forces such as gravity and screening.

Wastewater treatment ponds may be used as a practical and economical method for upgrading existin g secondary treatment facilities to obtain improved organic and suspended solids removal. Both aerobic and aerobic-anaerob ic ponds can be used for this purpose. Several disinfection methods are used in water treatment.

Disinfection with chlorine is the most widely used method for large water supplies but its application is less common in small supplies. Water treatment methods 1. Ultraviolet irradiation is the most common disinfection method found in private supplies. Treatment of water to allow human and industrial effluents to be disposed of without danger to human health or damage to environment. The effluents used in treatment will depend on soil conditions and types of crops cultivated. Process includes preliminary, primary, secondary and tertiary, and finally disinfectant treatment.

Drinking water should be essentially free of disease-causing microbes, but often this is not the case. Electrical discharges used for water treatment. General physical properties. A typical order of magnitude of the local electrical breakdown field of water is MVcm−1(in the case of microsecond pulsed breakdown), which is more than times the breakdown electrical field of atmospheric pressure air. Physical methods of treatment include the use of tanks and other structures designed to contain and control the flow of wastewater to promote the removal of contaminants.

Field Hygiene and Sanitation - 2feet from camp site or water source. Chlorine is universally accepted as a safe and effective water disinfectant. To meet them, cities and industries normally treat to a secondary treatment level, and in some cases, also use advanced treatment to remove nutrients and other contami-nants. Secondary Treatment The secondary stage of treatment removes about percent of the organic matter in sewage by making use of the bacteria in it.

Utilities included in the case studies.

Potable water treatment options for nitrate management. These interfere with the operation of the facility and often cause severe problems. Wherever possible the community should be involved in the sampling process.

Where water is disinfecte primary health workers, schoolteachers, and sometimes community members can be trained to carry out simple chlorine residual testing.